How Transylvania Pioneered Religious Freedom

Schedule

Wed, 14 Jan, 2026 at 06:00 pm

UTC+02:00

Location

Kolozsvár, Huszár (Călărașilor) utca 1.szám, 400025 Cluj-Napoca, Romania | Cluj-napoca, CJ

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Transylvania Lectures: How Transylvania Pioneered Religious Freedom – The 1568 Edict of Torda/Turda and Its Legacy
The Transylvanian edict of 1568, known as the Edict of Torda, is often cited as a landmark in the history of religious tolerance. The first ever decree on religious liberty was passed at the Diet of Torda held from 6 to13 January 1568. It was presided by the elected Hungarian King and Transylvanian prince János Zsigmond. The decree enshrined the right to the freedom of conscience and religion, and the free choice of clergy for congregations as well, to an extent never known before.
It granted freedom of worship to various strains of Christianity, reflecting the Unitarian commitment to religious pluralism. This edict laid the groundwork for a more tolerant society and influenced later movements advocating for freedom of conscience. Unitarianism's early presence in Transylvania is a notable example of how new religious ideas can foster a climate of tolerance and coexistence, setting precedents that would ripple through European history.
In Transylvania, under the leadership of figures like Francis David, Unitarianism flourished. The region became known for its relative religious freedom, allowing various denominations, including Unitarians, to coexist. This environment of tolerance was quite progressive for the time, as many parts of Europe were experiencing intense religious conflicts. The Parliament's religious resolution is perhaps Transylvania's most valuable contribution to European culture. At the next Transylvania Lectures event, the invited experts will discuss this legacy and its impact on our society.
Speakers:
▪️ Jaume de Marcos, Vice-President of the United Religions Initiative (URI) in Europe and a member of the URI Global Council and of the Interreligious and Intercultural Committee of the Council of Europe. He is also a member of the board and former president of the UNESCO Association for Interreligious Dialogue. He has a master's degree in history of religions (Autonomous University of Barcelona). He is also a distinguished member of the Michael Servetus Institute in Spain and the Spanish Society for the Science of Religions (SECR). He has published several books and papers on topics related to Michael Servetus and Radical Reformation.
▪️ Rev. István Kovács, bishop of the Hungarian Unitarian Church. He studied at the Unitarian Faculty of the Protestant Theological Institute in Kolozsvár, and later spent an academic year on scholarship at Manchester College, Oxford. He served as an assistant minister in Marosvásárhely, later he was the minister of the Sepsiszentkirály–Botfalu and Sepsiszentgyörgy Unitarian Congregations. In the early 90s he was the first president of the re-established National Dávid Ferenc Unitarian Youth Association and held leadership roles for more than a decade in the National Association of Unitarian Ministers (ULOSZ). He represented his Church as a member of the Executive Committee of the International Council of Unitarians and Universalists (ICUU) and served for 12 years as the Director of Public Affairs of the Hungarian Unitarian Church. He became the Bishop of the Hungarian Unitarian Church in 2021.
▪️ Rev. Rácz Norbert, unitarian minister, graduate of Hungarian Unitarian Church’s John Sigismund College and the Protestant Theological Institute in Kolozsvár. His field of interest includes systematic theology, philosophical aspects of religiosity and questions related to the more theoretical side of existence.
We kindly ask you to inform us of your intention to attend by filling in the form below:
👉 https://feliratkozas.mcc.ro/kolozsvar-tl-how-transylvania-pioneered-religious-freedom
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Transylvania Lectures: Erdély és a vallásszabadság – Az 1568-as tordai országgyűlés öröksége
A tordai országgyűlés 1568-as határozatát a vallásszabadság történelmének mérföldköveként tartjuk számon. Az 1568. január 6–13. között tartott tordai országgyűlésen, János Zsigmond fejedelem vezetése alatt elfogadott rendelet addig példátlan módon rögzítette a lelkiismereti és vallásszabadság jogát, valamint a gyülekezetek szabad lelkészválasztását.
A határozat lehetővé tette a különböző keresztény felekezetek szabad vallásgyakorlását, és tükrözte az unitárius gondolkodás vallási pluralizmus iránti elkötelezettségét. Ez a döntés nemcsak egy toleránsabb társadalom alapjait teremtette meg Erdélyben, hanem hosszú távon is hatással volt az európai vallásszabadság eszméjének kibontakozására. Az unitárius vallás korai erdélyi jelenléte jól példázza, hogyan járulhatnak hozzá új vallási irányzatok a békés együttélés és a kölcsönös elfogadás kultúrájának kialakulásához, olyan mintát teremtve, amely később Európa-szerte visszhangra talált.
Erdélyben – Dávid Ferenc és más meghatározó személyiségek vezetésével – az unitárius egyház gyorsan megerősödött. A fejedelemség a korszakban szokatlan vallási nyitottságáról vált ismertté, ahol különböző felekezetek egymás mellett élhettek és működhettek. Ez a toleráns szemlélet különösen figyelemre méltó annak fényében, hogy Európa más térségeiben ekkor véres vallásháborúk dúltak. A tordai országgyűlés határozata joggal tekinthető Erdély egyik legmaradandóbb hozzájárulásának az európai szellemi és kulturális örökséghez. Erről az örökségről és mai vetületeiről beszélgetnek meghívottaink a Transylvania Lectures sorozat következő alkalmán.
Résztvevők:
▪️ Jaume de Marcos, a United Religions Initiative (URI) európai alelnöke, a szervezet Globális Tanácsának, valamint az Európa Tanács Vallásközi és Interkulturális Bizottságának tagja. Emellett az UNESCO vallásközi párbeszéd egyesületének igazgatósági tagja és volt elnöke. A Barcelonai Autonóm Egyetemen szerzett mesterdiplomát vallástörténetből. A spanyolországi Szervét Mihály Intézet és a Spanyol Vallástudományi Társaság tagja. Számos könyv és tanulmány szerzője, amelyek Szervét Mihályhoz és a radikális reformációhoz kapcsolódó témákat dolgoznak fel.
▪️ Kovács István, a Magyar Unitárius Egyház püspöke. Tanulmányait a Kolozsvári Protestáns Teológiai Intézet Unitárius Karán végezte, majd ösztöndíjasként egy tanévet az oxfordi Manchester College-ban töltött. Segédlelkészként szolgált Marosvásárhelyen, később a sepsiszentkirály–botfalui és a sepsiszentgyörgyi unitárius gyülekezetek lelkésze volt. Az 1990-es évek elején a Dávid Ferenc Unitárius Ifjúsági Egyesület újjáalakulását követően a szervezet első elnöke lett, majd több mint egy évtizeden át vezető tisztségeket töltött be az Unitárius Lelkészek Országos Szövetségében. Az Unitáriusok és Univerzalisták Nemzetközi Tanácsa Végrehajtó Bizottságának tagja, valamint 12 éven át a Magyar Unitárius Egyház közügyigazgatója volt. 2021-ben választották püspökké.
▪️ Rácz Norbert unitárius lelkész. A Magyar Unitárius Egyház János Zsigmond Kollégiumában és a Kolozsvári Protestáns Teológiai Intézetben szerzett diplomát. Kutatási területe a rendszeres teológia, a vallásosság filozófiai aspektusai és a létezés elméleti kérdései.
A beszélgetés angol nyelven fog zajlani. Kérjük, részvételi szándékát az alábbi űrlapon jelezze:
👉 https://feliratkozas.mcc.ro/kolozsvar-tl-how-transylvania-pioneered-religious-freedom
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Transylvania Lectures: Transilvania și libertatea religioasă – Moștenirea Dietei de la Turda din 1568
Hotărârea adoptată de Dieta de la Turda în anul 1568 este considerată un moment de referință în istoria libertății religioase. Decretul aprobat între 6 și 13 ianuarie 1568, sub conducerea principelui Ioan Sigismund, a consacrat într-o formă fără precedent dreptul la libertatea de conștiință și de religie, precum și libertatea comunităților de a-și alege propriii preoți.
Această decizie a permis practicarea liberă a diferitelor confesiuni creștine și a reflectat angajamentul gândirii unitariene față de pluralismul religios. Ea nu a pus doar bazele unei societăți mai tolerante în Transilvania, ci a avut și un impact de durată asupra evoluției ideii de libertate religioasă în Europa. Prezența timpurie a unitarianismului în Transilvania ilustrează elocvent modul în care noile curente religioase pot contribui la dezvoltarea unei culturi a conviețuirii pașnice și a acceptării reciproce, oferind un model care a avut ecouri mult dincolo de granițele regiunii.
Sub conducerea unor personalități precum Ferenc Dávid, Biserica Unitariană s-a consolidat rapid în Transilvania. Principatul a devenit cunoscut pentru deschiderea sa religioasă, un fapt remarcabil într-o epocă în care multe regiuni ale Europei erau afectate de conflicte religioase violente. Din acest motiv, hotărârea Dietei de la Turda poate fi considerată una dintre cele mai durabile contribuții ale Transilvaniei la patrimoniul spiritual și cultural european.
Despre această moștenire și despre semnificațiile ei contemporane vor discuta invitații noștri în cadrul următoarei întâlniri din seria Transylvania Lectures.
Participanți:
▪️ Jaume de Marcos, vicepreședinte pentru Europa al United Religions Initiative (URI), membru al Consiliului Global al organizației și al Comitetului pentru Dialog Interreligios și Intercultural al Consiliului Europei. Este, de asemenea, membru al consiliului de conducere și fost președinte al Asociației pentru Dialog Interreligios UNESCO. A obținut un masterat în istoria religiilor la Universitatea Autonomă din Barcelona. Este membru al Institutului Michael Servet din Spania și al Societății Spaniole pentru Știința Religiilor. A publicat numeroase cărți și studii dedicate lui Michael Servet și Reformei radicale.
▪️ István Kovács, episcop al Bisericii Unitariene Maghiare. A studiat la Facultatea Unitariană a Institutului Teologic Protestant din Cluj-Napoca, iar ulterior a petrecut un an universitar cu bursă la Manchester College din Oxford. A slujit ca vicar la Târgu Mureș, apoi ca pastor al comunităților unitariene din Sâncraiu–Bod și Sfântu Gheorghe. La începutul anilor ’90 a devenit primul președinte al Asociației de Tineret Unitariană „Ferenc Dávid”, reînființată după schimbarea de regim, iar timp de peste un deceniu a deținut funcții de conducere în Asociația Națională a Pastorilor Unitarieni. A reprezentat biserica sa în Comitetul Executiv al Consiliului Internațional al Unitarienilor și Universaliștilor și a fost timp de 12 ani director pentru afaceri publice al Bisericii Unitariene Maghiare. În anul 2021 a fost ales episcop.
▪️ Norbert Rácz, preot unitarian, absolvent al Colegiului „Ioan Sigismund” al Bisericii Unitariene Maghiare și al Institutului Teologic Protestant din Cluj-Napoca. Domeniile sale de interes includ teologia sistematică, aspectele filosofice ale religiozității și întrebările teoretice legate de existență.
Evenimentul se va desfășura în limba engleză. Intrarea este gratuită. Dacă doriți să participați vă invităm să completați formularul de mai jos:
👉 https://feliratkozas.mcc.ro/kolozsvar-tl-how-transylvania-pioneered-religious-freedom
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Kolozsvár, Huszár (Călărașilor) utca 1.szám, 400025 Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Strada Călărașilor 1, Cluj-Napoca, România, Romania

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