NOUVEAUX ENJEUX DEMOGRAPHIQUES DU XXIe SCIECLE

Durant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, le problème démographique majeur était l'augmentation rapide de la population, surtout en Asie puis en Afrique. Durant la première moitié du XXIe siècle, le problème numéro un est celui de la baisse de la fécondité en dessous du niveau de remplacement des générations (le fameux 2,1enfants par femme) et ce, dans plus de deux-tiers des pays du monde, y compris les USA. Cette sous-fécondité entraine le vieillissement rapide de la population et le défi de maintenir les filets de protection sociale (santé et retraites). A cela, s'ajoutent la montée des migrations internationales et les contraintes posées par le réchauffement climatique. Tous ces défis appellent a une refondation urgente des politiques publiques de population.

John F. May is a Research Professor (Demography) at the Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, USA. For 15 years, he was a lead demographer at the World Bank Group. He has worked on multiple population and development projects around the world for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP). Prior to his extensive work in the field (including two postings for the United Nations in Haiti and New Caledonia), he studied modern history and demography at the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium, and earned his Doctorate in Demography Summa cum laude from the University of Paris-V (Sorbonne), France. His book World Population Policies: Their Origin, Evolution, and Impact (Springer, 2012) received the 2012 Global Media Award of the Population Institute for best book on population. In March 2013, he was elected an Associate Member of the Royal Belgian Academy. With Dr. Hans Groth (St. Gallen University, Switzerland), he co-edited the volume Africa’s Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend, which was also published by Springer. Lately, he published with Jack A. Goldstone an encyclopedia of population policies, entitled the International Handbook of Population Policies (Springer, 2022).

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